Organic Lemon Juice, 16 Oz

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While the functional diversity of microbial communities in aquatic systems has been extensively studied, much less is known about the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity. In this study, we aimed to characterize the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of bacterial and archaeal communities in freshwater lakes and marine environments, using a combination of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics analyses.

Sediment samples were collected from three freshwater lakes (Lake Baikal, Russia; Lake Biwa, Japan; and Lake Constance, Germany) and three marine environments (Guaymas Basin, Gulf of Mexico; South China Sea; and the Chukchi Sea, Arctic Ocean). DNA was extracted from the samples, and the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq technology.

The results showed that the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of bacterial and archaeal communities differed significantly between freshwater and marine environments. Freshwater lakes were dominated by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia, while marine environments were characterized by a higher abundance of Thaumarchaeota, Bathyarchaeota, and Marinimicrobia.

Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the freshwater and marine communities formed distinct clusters, with few overlapping lineages. The freshwater communities exhibited higher levels of alpha diversity, with more unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) compared to the marine environments. Additionally, the marine communities showed higher beta diversity, indicating more pronounced spatial heterogeneity.

These findings highlight the importance of considering both taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity when characterizing microbial communities in different aquatic ecosystems. The observed differences in community composition and diversity patterns between freshwater and marine environments may be attributed to various environmental factors, such as salinity, nutrient availability, and temperature, which shape the assembly and functioning of these microbial communities.

Understanding the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of microbial communities in aquatic systems is crucial for elucidating their ecological roles, ecosystem functioning, and potential applications in biotechnology and environmental management. This study provides important insights into the biogeography and diversity patterns of bacterial and archaeal communities in freshwater and marine environments, which can inform future research and conservation efforts.

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